![]() Toxic effects begin hours after ingestion, and antidotes can often prevent permanent damage. The reference dose for methanol is 0.5 mg/kg in a day. The median lethal dose is 100 mL (3.4 US fl oz), i.e., 1–2 mL/kg body weight of pure methanol. 30 mL (1.0 US fl oz) is potentially fatal. Ingesting as little as 10 mL (0.34 US fl oz) of pure methanol can cause permanent blindness by destruction of the optic nerve. ![]() See also: List of methanol poisoning incidents Methanol fires should be extinguished with dry chemical, carbon dioxide, water spray or alcohol-resistant foam. Its vapours are slightly heavier than air, can travel and ignite. In 2016, astronomers detected methanol in a planet-forming disc around the young star TW Hydrae using ALMA radio telescope. In 2006, astronomers using the MERLIN array of radio telescopes at Jodrell Bank Observatory discovered a large cloud of methanol in space 463 terametres (288 billion miles) across. It is detected through its spectral emission lines. Methanol is also found in abundant quantities in star-forming regions of space and is used in astronomy as a marker for such regions. Methanol is produced by anaerobic bacteria and phytoplankton. The mean endogenous methanol in humans of 0.45 g/d may be metabolized from pectin found in fruit one kilogram of apple produces up to 1.4 g of pectin (0.6 g of methanol.) One study found a mean of 4.5 ppm in the exhaled breath of test subjects. ![]() Small amounts of methanol are present in normal, healthy human individuals. 3.2 Methanol to hydrocarbons, olefins, gasoline.3.1 Formaldehyde, acetic acid, methyl tert-butylether. ![]()
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